Napoleon's rise from rival leader to absolute dictator, his narrative techniques, allegorical significance, and exam application.

Snowball's role as Animal Farm's most capable leader, his expulsion, his function as scapegoat, and exam application.

Boxer's arc from devoted worker to betrayed victim, his two mottos, his allegorical significance, and exam application.

Squealer as Napoleon's propagandist, his methods of manipulation, his allegorical significance, and exam application.

Old Major's speech, his vision of Animalism, his allegorical significance as Marx and Lenin, and exam application.

Clover as the novel's emotional conscience, her awareness without power, her allegorical significance, and exam application.

Benjamin as the novel's most troubling figure, his clear-eyed inaction, his one moment of intervention, and exam application.

Mollie as the bourgeois defector, her ribbons and sugar, her departure, and exam application.

The nine dogs as Napoleon's private army, their origin, their function, their allegorical significance, and exam application.

Mr. Jones as the novel's original tyrant, the threat that outlasts his character, and exam application.